Services Marketing Management - Comparison of two service Essay

Administrations Marketing Management - Comparison of two help sectors(broad clarification in the task models area) - Essay Example Generally, many help enterprises both business and non business segments would not be showcase arranged, truth be told, there are a few purposes for it. Promoting business and non business administrations incorporate some fundamental components as showcasing merchandise. Also, they should concentrate on great administrations by characterizing their portions and target markets. The four primary qualities can separate administrations showcasing from merchandise for example immaterialness, indistinguishability, heterogeneity and perishability. These components ought to be followed in a powerful way to make administration showcasing procedure all the more great and fruitful. Wolver Hampton Bus Station is claimed and worked by the West Midlands Passenger Transport Executive. Under the authority of West Midlands Passenger Transport, they advance and create open vehicle across West Midlands. (Transport and travel Research, 2005).This open vehicle administration came into power on first October 2002. They work for the advantage and simplicity for the general population in Wolver Hampton and the whole way across West Midlands. They assume liability to give compelling open vehicles to its clients. They likewise guarantee to offer great and successful assistance particularly for visually impaired and handicapped individuals to make their movement simple and liberated from obstacles. Since wheelchairs and versatility bikes are expanding in UK, along these lines, they additionally need to limit that by furnishing the individuals with best and valuable method of voyaging. Administration advertising is fundamentally an idea of offering best types of assistance to its clients and its clients. This organization needs this zone. They began the transport benefits however they didn’t offer any acceptable types of assistance to its travelers. Clients are the ruler since they make the organization effective. There were a few different issues and issues in Wolver Hampton transport administration which truly disappointed its travelers. To put it plainly, this transport administration neglected to offer great types of assistance to their

The Outsider’s Essay Free Essays

Zone of Study Essay †The Outsiders Essay Teenagers are demonstrated in an assortment of writings to be, rough, discourteous, problematic and degenerate. S. E. We will compose a custom article test on The Outsider’s Essay or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now Hinton’s tale ‘The Outsiders’ uncover young people to be adolescent delinquents who are savage and whose lone intrigue is staying dedicated to their posse and its individuals. The topic of the novel ‘The Outsiders’ as the principle characters are disclosed to be spoken to as adolescent delinquents who have a place with a brutal neighborhood and uncivilized groups. The packs that battle the most are the ‘Greasers’ and the ‘Socs’. The ‘Greasers’ are extreme and as, they take from the shops, loot vehicles, bounce individuals, sneak into drive in motion pictures and don’t do well in school. The Greasers wear-long slick hair and scruffy garments. The Socs are extreme, without a second thought and mean difficulty producers. The Soc’s do well in school; the Soc’s wear-short hairs, pleasant garments, and have costly vehicles. â€Å"How’d you like that hair style to start just beneath the neck†¦? † (Dialog). This uncovers the Socs are assaulting Ponyboy and are attempting to trim his hair. â€Å"What sort of world is it where all I must be pleased with is a notoriety for being a hood, and oily hair? † (Rhetorical Question). Ponyboy is asking himself that what world he would need to live in to endure his notoriety and having oily hair. â€Å"You get extreme like me and you don’t get injured. You pay special mind to yourself and nothin’ can contact you†¦ † (Dialog). Dawdle is revealing to Ponyboy that if your get intense like me you won’t need to endure what you’re experiencing. The ‘Greasers’ and the ‘Socs’ are adolescent delinquents who battle a ton and this is the means by which young people are spoken to in the novel. Youngsters in the novel ‘The Outsiders’ spoke to as brutal, ill bred and insubordinate. The characterisation of Dallas Winston underpins this contention. Tarry is portrayed through Ponyboy’s first individual portrayal, ‘he lied, cheated, rode in rodeos, he become inebriated, hopped little children †he did everything’. This portrayal of Dally shows his lack of respect for the law and society. Ponyboy utilizes metaphorical language to portray Dally, ‘he had a mischievous face, with high cheekbones †¦ little sharp creature teeth and ears like a lynx’. This likeness demonstrates Dally’s extreme physical appearance and furthermore his response to be bestial in his conduct. First individual portrayal shows Dally’s defiant past, ‘Dally had been captured at the time of en’ and ‘blew off steam in group fights’. It is through the characterisation of Dally and Ponyboy’s first individual portrayal, the novel delineates young people as defiant, brutal and ill bred. Tarry conduct and lack of respect for ladies is uncovered in the occurrence at the drive-ins in cluding Cherry and Marcia. Dither snuck in to drive-ins in light of the fact that ‘Dally despised doing thing the legitimate way’. Hesitate talked actually uproariously utilizing hostile language with the goal that the young ladies could hear, ‘just to humiliate the girls’. Dawdle kept on affronting the young ladies by putting his feet on the rear of their seats. Falter shows no regard for ladies or the law in this episode and further underlines the portrayal of young people in ‘The Outsiders’ as self-important, ill bred and youthful. In the related content, Simple Plan’s ‘Welcome to my Life’ uncovers young people to be disturbed, discouraged and overpowered. Straightforward Plans ‘Welcome to my life’ says about young people that are being harassed constantly and they’re simply securing them self’s there room due to this explanation. For instance †â€Å"To be forgotten about in obscurity, To be kicked when you’re down, To feel like you’ve been pushed around, To be on the edge of separating, And no one’s there to spare you†. This statement of this tune is revealing to us that a few young people are being put down, being tormented, and don’t need to do what they will do in light of the fact that the individuals that domineering jerk them may be at that put and humiliate them there. Your insulted for being extraordinary and all you need to do is lock yourself away and shout and rage,’ â€Å"To be harmed, to feel lost, to be forgotten about in obscurity, to be kicked when your down’ significantly after all the mistake and days individuals never comprehend they despite everything be-little you. At long last you neither consideration nor accept that you need to live. Before your life is finished. It is through these writings that young people are demonstrated to be trouble on society. It is trough S. E. Hintons ‘The Outsiders’ and the Simple Plans ‘Welcome to my Life’ that young person are delineated as defiant and ill bred. This portrayal of teenager’s shapes crowd comprehends of young people in a pessimistic manner as they uncover the entirety of the awful parts of being an adolescent. The most effective method to refer to The Outsider’s Essay, Essay models

Happy 225! - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

Happy 225! - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Happy 225! Later this week, UGA will be celebrating the 225 anniversary of the founding of the university, with a focus on both the history of UGA and the future for our institution. On Thursday, April 22, the focus will be on the past 225 years of UGA, with discussions about the evolution of the physical space on campus, desegregation, and a reception and concert featuring the music of UGA. On Friday, April 23, the focus will be on what lies ahead for UGA, and will close with a rededication of the Fine Arts Theatre. As the nations first chartered public institution of higher education, UGA has a great deal to celebrate! Please visit the 225 celebration site for more information about the event and the history of UGA.

Should There Be a Limit on the Amount of Homework Teachers...

The quality of students’ homework is much more important than the quantity of students homework and data collected during recent studies has proven that homework is not making the grade. â€Å". . . American students are entangled in the middle of international academic rankings: 17th in reading, 23rd in science, and 31st in math according to the most recent results from the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA)† (Murphy-Paul). Students should not be given an excessive amount of homework because the pressure of having to complete excessive amounts of homework every night is quite daunting for most students. Knowing how much homework is the right amount correlates with age and grade. An 8th grade student should not be given a myriad of homework that would keep her awake past midnight completing assignments. In any case, there should be a limit on the amount of homework all teachers give to students because an excessive amount of homework would eventually ca use students to become uninterested in school and learning, which could result in poor test scores and low ranks in international academic rankings. In order for students to carry out daily activities throughout the day restfully, teachers must be able to provide homework that does not exceed the appropriate amount of time needed to complete it, which is based on grade level. If teachers are too clueless of a students health due to excessive amounts of homework, many students will develop cases of sleepShow MoreRelatedHomework Is The Thing That Controls Most Of A Teenagers Life839 Words   |  4 PagesDurrant 1st Hour Homework in Moderation = Successful Students Homework; the thing that controls most of a teenagers life. Most students have three or more hours of homework per night. 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Is Homosexuality Biologically Based Pro / Con Essay

Is Homosexuality Biologically Based Pro/Con Introduction Society has always been able to cope with having two opinions about a situation. For example as we continue to debate over the issue of homosexuality, many sub-debates have come forward from this topic. For instance, debates of marriage, gay rights within the spectrum of laws and regulations all construct an ensuing point of debates amongst people (Slife, 2013, p. 160). In fact, the more powerful debate about homosexuality is the claim that homosexuals were born that way. Essentially, both sides of the spectrum have done intensive research to answer a specific question, is homosexuality biologically Based? Brain structures In general, individuals are interested in people of the countering sex. However, a compelling number of people are particularly interested in someone of the identical gender (Slife, 2013). Sexual assimilation is a physiological attribute that exhibit one of the greatest scopes of sexual distinction, given that 90-97% of human beings of one sex demonstrate an appeal that is dissimilar from that of the alternate gender (Slife, 2013, p. 36). In like manner, the devices that conclude characteristics of people s sexual assimilation have been the topic of intense debates. In fact these dialogues frequently concentrated on homosexuality proper, because the assimilation is slightly frequent and thus occasionally expressed unjustly as different from standard or norm (Slife, 2013, p. 40). Essentially,Show MoreRelatedSame Sex Marriage Should be Legalized Essay example2339 Words   |  10 Pagesfor them. The reason is not that they will be unable to find someone with whom they want to spend their lives, but that whom they have chosen is unacceptable to society because they happen to be of the same sex. 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Impact of HR Practices on Organizational Performance in Bangladesh Free Essays

string(69) " abilities and the organization’s requirement \(Fernandez, 1992\)\." Impact of HR Practices on Organizational Performance in Bangladesh Mir Mohammed Nurul Absar1 abstract Impact of human resource management practices on organizational performance has been a widely researched area for years. But unfortunately, very insufficient number of studies have been conducted on this area in the context of Bangladesh and other developing countries. This study was undertaken to fill this obvious research gap. We will write a custom essay sample on Impact of HR Practices on Organizational Performance in Bangladesh or any similar topic only for you Order Now Data collected from fifty manufacturing firms in Bangladesh shows that HR practices have significant association with organizational performance. Out of HR practices, only performance appraisal is found to have significant impact on organizational performance. Keywords: HR Practices, Organizational Performance, Manufacturing Firms JEC Classification: M12, D24 Balasundaram Nimalathasan2 Munshi Muhammad Abdul Kader Jilani3 1. IntroductIon Impact of human resource management practices on organizational performance has been a widely researched area for years. Results of studies, from developed countries to developing countries, have been time and again showing that HR practices have significant impact on organizational performance (Delaney Huselid, 1996; Katou Budhwar, 2007; Sing, 2004; Tzafrir, 2006). But unfortunately, very insufficient number of studies have been conducted in this area context of Bangladesh and other developing countries. To augment the contemporary knowledge base of HR practices of developing countries, this study has been undertaken. 2. esearch QuestIons Specifically, this study was undertaken to explore the answer to the following research questions (RQ): RQ1: Is there any association between HR practices and Organizational Performance? RQ2: Do HR practices have any impact on Organizational Performance? resource(HR)’ aspects of a management position including human resource planning, job analysis, recruitment, selection, orientation, compensation, performance appraisal, training and development, and labour relations (Dessler, 2007, p. ). HRM is composed of the policies, practices, and systems that influence employees’ behaviour, attitude, and performance (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, Wright, 2007, p. 5). There are four top models of HRM such as the Fombrun, Tichy, and Devana Model of HRM, the Harvard Model of HRM, the Guest Model of HRM, and the Warwick Model of HRM (Bratton Gold, 1999, pp. 17-24). Out of these models, the Fombrun, Tichy, and Devana Model of HRM are considered to be the first one (Aswathappa, 2008, p. 18). The present study selected the HR practices such as recruitment and selection, training and development, performance appraisal, and compensation which were incorporated by the Fombrun, Tichy, and Devana Model of HRM. The model assumed that these four key HR practices have significant impact on organizational performance. 4. 2 Organizational Performance 3. objectIves The main purpose of the study was to identity the impact of HR practices on organizational performance. In order to materialize this objective, the following specific objectives were considered. †¢ To address the linkage between HR practices and organizational performance. To indentify the impact of HR practices on organizational performance. †¢ To offer some measures in order to enhance the organizational performance of the selected manufacturing firms in Bangladesh and other similar countries. 4. hr PractIces and organIzatIonal Performance: concePtual and emPIrIcal overvIew 4. 1 hr Practices Human resource man agement (HRM) refers to the policies and practices involved in carrying out the ‘human 1 2 The ultimate goal of a business organization is higher financial performance or maximisation of wealth for stake holders (Becker Huselid, 1998; Horngren, Foster, Datar, 2000). Nonetheless, attaining the organization’s goals depends upon the extent to which its organizational performance is reached (Katou Budhwar, 2007). Organizational performance is generally indicated by effectiveness (whether an organization can achieve its objectives), efficiency (whether an organization uses resources properly), satisfaction of employees and customers, innovation, quality of products or services, and ability to maintain a unique human pool (Delaney Huselid, 1996; Dyer Reeves, 1995; Guest, 2001; Katou Budhwar, 2007). The organizational performance variables of the present study included features such as product quality, customer satisfaction, new product development, ability to attract employees, ability to retain employees, and relationship between management and employees. According to the earlier studies (Delaney Huselid, 1996; Harel Tzafrir, 1999; Singh, 2004), the respondents were asked to assess their organizations’ performance in comparison to the performance of their competitors. Mir Mohammed Nurul Absar, Assistant Professor, East Delta University, Agrabad, Chittagong, Bangladesh. Balasundaram Nimalathasan, Faculty, Department of Commerce, University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka. 3 Munshi Muhammad Abdul Kader Jilani, Faculty, University of Information Technology Sciences Bangladesh. IJBIT/Volume 3/Issue 2/April – September 10 | 15 Mir Mohammed Nurul Absar et al. Impact of HR Practices on Organizational Performance in Bangladesh 4. 3. Relationship between Organizational Performance HR Practices and Though most of the studies have been conducted in the western world, it is now well established that HR practices have significant impact on productivity, corporate financial performance, and employee turnover (Arthur, 1994; Huselid, 1995; Ichniowski, Shaw, Prennushi, 1997; Katou Budhwar, 2007). Pollitt (2004) found that the HRM practices of Nokia played vital role in helping the company in reaching its 40% percent share of the global handset market, and industry leading profit margins of 20%-25% at a time of unmatched change and competition. Katou and Budhwar (2007) through an in-depth study on 178 manufacturing firms of Greece found that HR practices such as recruitment, training, promotion, incentives, benefits, involvement, and safety and health were positively related with the elements of organizational performance such as innovation and satisfaction of stakeholders. Singh (2004) in a study on 82 Indian firms observed that HR practices such as training and compensation had significant impact on perceived organizational performance. Two recent studies (Billah Islam, 2009; Billah, Prince, Islam, 2009) in context of Bangladesh also found that HR practices have significant association with employee turnover and organizational commitment. Hypothesis 1: HR practices have significant association with organizational performance Hypothesis 2: HR practices have significant impact on organizational performance: The Recruitment and selection process determines the decisions as to which candidates will get employment offers. The aim of this practice is to improve the fit between employees, the organization, teams, and work requirements, and thus, to create a better work environment (Tzafrir, 2006). Sophisticated recruitment and selection system can ensure a better fit between the individual’s abilities and the organization’s requirement (Fernandez, 1992). You read "Impact of HR Practices on Organizational Performance in Bangladesh" in category "Essay examples" Hunter and Schmidt (1982) concluded that employment stability can be achieved through a selection procedure based on ability. Katou and Budhwar (2007) also found that recruitment and selection was positively related to all organizational performance variables such as effectiveness, efficiency, innovation, and quality. Hypothesis 3: Recruitment and selection positively influences on organizational performance: Training and development is considered to be the most common HR practice (Tzafrir, 2006). Training and development refers to any effort to improve current of future employees’ skills, abilities, and knowledge (Aswathappa, 2008). Thang and Buyens (2008) through reviewing 66 studies conducted in different parts of the world opined that training and development leads to superior knowledge, skills, abilities, attitudes, and behaviour of employees that eventually enhance organizational performance. Hoque (1994) unearthed that training and development had positive impact on organizational effectiveness in Bangladeshi context. Hypothesis 4: Training and development positively influences on organizational performance: Performance appraisal is a systematic process to evaluate the performance of an employee after certain period (Schuler, 1981, p. 11). Performance appraisal also influences other HR practices such as recruitment and selection, training and development, compensation, and employee relations. IJBIT/Volume 3/Issue 2/April – September 10 |16 As performance appraisal leads to pay raise, promotion, and training; it is assumed that better performance appraisal can have impact on organizational performanc e. Hypothesis 5: Performance appraisal positively influences on organizational performance: Compensation refers to all types of pay or rewards going to employees and arising from their employment (Dessler, 2007, p. 90). Compensation is very much important for employees because it is one of the main reasons for which people work. Employees’ living status in the society, satisfaction, loyalty, and productivity are also influenced by the compensation (Aswathappa, 2008). Delaney Huselid (1996) found that incentive compensation was associated with perceived market performance in USA. Employee compensation, particularly the performance based compensation system, resulted in better organizational performance in Indian firms (Singh, 2004). Hypothesis 6: Compensation positively influences on organizational performance: Moyeen and Huq (2001) studied HRM practices of 92 medium and large business enterprises (public and private sector) located in Dhaka, Bangladesh. They found that only 62% of surveyed organizations had an HR/Industrial Relations (IR) department. HRM practices of ten local private manufacturing enterprises listed under Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) were examined by Akhter (2002). She measured correlation between employees’ opinions regarding HRM practices in their enterprises, their age, education, and experience. Mahmood (2004) observed that other than organizational contingencies, the institutional context such as national education and training system, national industrial relations system, regulatory frameworks, and overall societal context had significant influence on the development of HR practices in Bangladesh. Furthermore, HR practices were found to have significant impact on affective commitment in context to Bangladesh (Haque Azim, 2008) Thus, the above review of literature shows that there have been several studies around the globe focusing on HR practices and organizational performance. However, very limited numbers of studies have been conducted on the impact of HR Practices on organizational performance in context of Bangladesh and other developing countries. This study has been undertaken to fill this obvious research gap. 5. research frameworK ( Figure 1 ) 6. research methodology Research methodologies of the present study were outlined below. 6. 1 Sample A directory of 85 manufacturing firms listed under Chittagong Stock Exchange (CSE) was prepared (Chittagong Stock Exchange, 2010). The structured questionnaire was sent to the HR managers of the all 85 manufacturing firms. Finally 50 useable questionnaires were found for the study (63% response rate). 6. 2 Data Sources and Instrumentation The study was complied with the help of primary data and secondary data. Questionnaire survey method was used to gather primary data in the present study. A 23-item and a 05- Impact of HR Practices on Organizational Performance in Bangladesh Mir Mohammed Nurul Absar et al. Training and Development Recruitment and Selection Performance Appraisal Compensation Positive Negative No Impact Organizational Performance source: Modified from Fomburn, C. J. , Tichy, N. M. , Devanna, M. A. (1984) Figure-1: Research Framework item Likert type questionnaire (where1=strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree) were developed with some modifications from earlier studies (Delaney Huselid, 1996; Harel Tzafrir, 1999; Singh, 2004) to measure the HR practices and organizational performance of manufacturing firms in Bangladesh respectively. As HR managers are the most reliable persons to provide data related to HR practices and overall organizations (Huselid Becker, 1996; Tzafrir, 2006), the structured questionnaire was sent to the HR managers of the surveyed manufacturing firms. Moreover, the desk study covered various published and unpublished materials on the subject. From the table-1, it is seen that reliability value was estimated to be ? =. 726 to . 818, if we compare reliability value of the scale used in the present study with the standard value alpha of 0. 6 advocated by Cronbach (1951), Nunnally and Bernstein (1994), and Bagozzi and Yi’s (1988); it is observed that the scale of the present study was highly reliable for data analysis. Validation procedures involved initial consultation of the questionnaires. The experts also judged the face and content validity of the questionnaires as adequate. Hence, researchers satisfied reliability and validity of the scale. 7. data analysIs and fIndIngs 6. 3 variables Independent Variables: According to Fomburn, Tichy, and Devanna, (1984), the following four (04) HR practices were selected as independent variables. RNS : Recruitment and Selection. TND : Training and Development. PA : Performance Appraisal. COM : Compensation. Dependent Variable: Organizational Performance (Perceived) In the present study, we analysed our data by an enter wise method in a multiple regression analysis. In this context, a multiple regression was performed, by making use of all the discrete variables (i. e. , dependent and independent variables) available in the dataset. The estimation process was based on Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) [i. e. ,Y= a + bx]. For this, purpose, we consider the following model specifications, by taking as dependent variable i. e. , organizational performance by making HR practices as independent variables. OP=? O+? 1(RNS)+? (TND)+? 3(PA)+? 4(COM)+e†¦ Model (1) Where ? 0 , ? 1, ? 2, ? 3, and ? 4, are the regression co-efficient OP : Organizational Performance RNS : Recruitment and Selection TND : Training and Development PA : Performance Appraisal COM : Compensation e : error term To test how well the mode-1 fit the data and findings, correlation (r), R, R2 (Coefficient of determination), variance, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the t statistic were used. Correlation analysis was performed to find out the pair wise relationship between variables; RNS, TND, PA, COM, and OP. Hence, the results are summarised in table-2. Table 2: Correlations Matrix for HR Practices and POP variables RNS TND PA COM OP rns 1 0. 497** (0. 000) 0. 569** (0. 000) 0. 509** (0. 000) 0. 557** (0. 000) 1 0. 635** (0. 000) 0. 404** (0. 000) 0. 508** (0. 000) 1 0. 660** (0. 000) 0. 723** (0. 000) 1 0. 595** (0. 000) 1 tnd Pa com oP 6. 4 Reliability and Validity Before applying statistical tools, testing of the reliability of the scale is very much important as its shows the extent to which a scale produces consistent result if measurements were made repeatedly. This is done by determining the association in between scores obtained from different administrations of the scales. If the association is high, the scale yields consistent result, thus is reliable. Cronbach’s alpha is most widely used method. It may be mentioned that its value varies from 0 to 1 but satisfactory value is required to be more than 0. 6 for the scale to be reliable (Malhotra, 2002; Cronbach, 1951). In the present study, we, therefore, used Cronbach’s alpha scale as a measure of reliability. Table 1: Reliability value of the Scale scale 1. Recruitment and Selection 2. Training and Development 3. Performance Appraisal 4. Compensation 5. Organizational Performance source: survey data No. of Items 05 06 07 05 05 Cronbach’s Alpha (? ) . 780 . 774 . 818 . 726 . 799 IJBIT/Volume 3/Issue 2/April – September 10 | 17 Mir Mohammed Nurul Absar et al. Impact of HR Practices on Organizational Performance in Bangladesh Mean Standard deviation 3. 584 . 840 3. 643 . 844 3. 760 . 750 3. 448 . 856 4. 032 . 722 Table 5: Coefficients for Predictors of JS models 1 Constant RNS TND PA COM Unstandardized Standardized Coefficients Coefficients ? 1. 114 . 148 . 039 . 467 . 142 Std. Effor . 92 . 107 . 111 . 151 . 113 . 172 . 046 . 485 . 168 Beta 2. 845 1. 380 . 354 3. 081 1. 258 . 007 . 174 . 725 . 004 . 215 t sig Source: Survey data; **Correlation is significant at the 0. 01 level (2-tailed) Table-2 shows that the factors RNS, TND, PA, and COM are independently positively correlated with OP and also highly significant at 1% levels. Therefore, Hypothesis 1 of the present study was accepted. Here it is obvious that the maximum correlation (r =0. 723) is existed between PA and OP, followed by the association (r =0. 595) between COM and OP; RNS and OP(r= 0. 557); and TND and OP (r =0. 08). It should be needed to give the highest emphasis on PA for superb OP. Compensation is also crucial for wonderful perceived organizational performance followed by other HR practices (i. e. , RNS and TND). HR practices are pair-wise positively correlated with one to another and also statistically significant at P-value 0. 000. Among the four HR practices, the relationship (r =0. 660) between PA and COM is the highest, followed by the link (r =0. 635) between TND and PA. Further, a multiple regression analysis was performed to identify the predictors of OP as conceptualized in the model. An enter-wise variable selection was used in the regression analysis and table-3 and table-4 show the summary measure and analysis of variance (ANOVA) of the model. Table 3: Predictors of JS – Model summary a. Predictors: (Constant), RNS; TND; PA; and COM. model 1 r 0. 755a r2 0. 570 adjusted r2 0. 532 Source: Survey data The table-5 shows that PA is positively influencing on OP. For PA, the value of t is 3. 081(p=0. 004). Thus we accept Hypothesis 5 But for RNS, TND, and COM which fall in the area of rejection. Thus, we do not accept the Hypothesis 3, 4, and 6. Hence, it can be concluded that PA has significant impact on OP. Therefore, hypothesis-2 is also partially accepted. 8. conclusIon From the correlation matrix, the highest positive value of correlation between PA and OP clarifies that the authorities of selected manufacturing firms are required to give main focus on PA for getting fabulous organizational performance. In addition, the maximum average point (3. 760) of PA also discloses the identical conclusion followed by COM; RNS and TND (For details please see table-2). It is also found that PA has significant impact on POP. . lImItatIons and dIrectIons for the future researches tables 4: anova model 1 Sum of squares Regression Residual Total df 14. 568 10. 981 25. 549 Mean square 4 45 49 The study used only perceptual measure of HR practices and organizational performance. Only single source (HR managers) was also used to collect data. Future studies may be conducted in context of the service sector enterprises with larger sample s ize. Case studies, focus groups, and longitudinal studies may also be undertaken. references 1. 2. 3. 4. Predictors: (Constant), RNS; TND; PA; and COM. Dependent Variable: OP The HR practices (RNS; TND; PA; and COM) in the above model revealed the ability to predict OP (R2 = 0. 570). In this model value of R2 denotes that 57. 0 percent of the observed variability in OP can be explained by the HR practices namely RNS; TND; PA and COM. The remaining 43. 0 percent is not explained which means that the rest 43. 0 percent of the variation of OP is related to other variables which are not depicted in the model. This variance is highly significant as indicated by the F value (F=14. 926 and P = 0. 000) [For details please see table-4]. An examination of the model summary presented by the table-3 in conjunction with ANOVA, presented by the table-3, indicates that the model explains the most possible combination of predictor variables that could contribute to the relationship with the dependent variable. 5. 6. 7. 8. Akhter, N. (2002), Human Resource Management in Bangladesh: A Study of Some Local Private Manufacturing Industries. Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Arthur, J. B. (1994), Effects of Human Resource Systems on Manufacturing Performance and Turnover: Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 670-687. Aswathappa, K. (2008), Human Resource Management: Text and Cases, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, Delhi. Becker, B. E. , and Fuseli, M. A. (1998), High Performance Work Systems and Firm Performance: A Synthesis of Research and Managerial Implications: Research in Personnel and Human Resource Management, Vol. 16, pp. 53-101. Billah, M. M. , and Islam, S. (2009), H uman Resource Management Practices and Organizational Commitment; A Survey on Private Commercial Banks In Bangladesh: Southeast University Journal of Business Studies, Vol. , pp. 153-166. Billah, M. M. , Prince, S. A. , and Islam, S. (2009). Human Resource Management Practices and Employee Turnover; A Study on Private Commercial Banks in Bangladesh. Journal of Business and Technology, Vol. IV, No. I, pp. 63-82. Bratton, J. , and Gold, J. (1999), Human Resource Management. Theory and practice. Macmillan Press Ltd, London. Chittagong Stock Exchange (2010), Listed Companies. Retrieved January 12, 2010, from http://www. csebd. com. IJBIT/Volume 3/Issue 2/April – September 10 |18 Impact of HR Practices on Organizational Performance in Bangladesh Mir Mohammed Nurul Absar et al. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. Cronbach, L. J. , (1951), Coefficient Alpha and the Internal Structure of Tests: Psychometrika, Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 297-334. Delaney, J. T. , and Huselid, M. A. (1996), The Impact of Human Resource Management Practices on Perceptions of Organizational Performance: The Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 39, No. 4, pp. 949-969. Dessler, G. (2007), Human Resource Management, Prentice Hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi. Dyer,L. , and Reeves,T. 1995), Human Resource Strategies and Firm Performance: What Do We Know and Where Do We Need to Go? : International Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol. 6,pp. 656-670. Fernandez,C. J. (1992), Solider Quality and Job Performance in Team Tasks. Social Science Quarterly, Vol. 73, pp. 253-265. Fomburn, C. J. , Tichy, N. M. , and Devanna, M. A. (1984), Strategic Human Resource Management, John Wiley Sons, New York. Guest ,D. E. (2001), Human Resource Management: When Research Confronts Theory: International Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol. 12,pp. 092-1106. Haque, M. M. , and Azim, M. T. (2008), Affective commitment and its antecedents: An empirical study in the context of Bangladesh. Paper presented at the 7th International Conference on Ethics and Quality of Work-life for Sustainable Development, Bangkok, Thailand. Harel,G. H. , and Tzafrir,S. S. (1999), The Effect of Human Resource Management Practices on The Perception of Organizational and Market Performance of The Firm: Human Resource Management, Vol. 38,pp. 185-200. Hoque, M. J. (1994), Human Resource Development and Organizational Effectiveness. In R. B. Talukder (Ed. ), Management of Change in South Asia (pp. 433-451). Dhaka: UPL. Horngren, C. T. , Foster, G. , and Datar, S. M. (2000), CostAccounting: Managerial Emphasis, Prentice Hall, New Delhi. Hunter, E. J. , and Schmidt, L. F. (1982), Ability Tests: Economic Benefits Versus The Issue of Fairness. Industrial Relations, Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 293-309. Huselid, M. A. (1995), The Impact of Human Resource Management Practices on Turnover, Productivity, and Corporate Financial Performance. The Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 38, No. 3, pp. 35-672. Huselid, M. A. , and Becker, B. E. (1996), Methodological Issues in Cross-Sectional and Panel Estimates of The HR-Firm Performance Link: Industrial Relations, Vol. 35, pp. 400-422. Ichniowski, C. , Shaw, K. , and Prennushi, G. (1997), The Effects of Human Resource Management Practices on Productivity: A Study of Steel Finishing Lines: The American Economic Review, Vol. 87, No. 3, pp. 291-313. Katou, A. A. , and Budwar, P. S. (2007 ), The Effects of Human Resource Management Policies On Organizational Performance In Greek Manufacturing Firms. Thunderbird International Business Review, Vol. 49, No. 1, pp. 1-35. Mahmood, M. H. (2004), The Institutional Context of Human Resource Management: Case Studies of Multinational Subsidiaries in Bangladesh. Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, University of Manchester, UK. Malhotra, N. K. (2002), Marketing Research: An Applied Orientation (3rd ed. ). Pearson Education Asia, New Delhi, India. Moyeen, A. F. M. A. , and Huq, A. (2001), Human resource management practices in business enterprises in Bangladesh: Journal of Business Studies,Vol. Xxii, No. 2, pp. 263-270. Noe, R. A. Hollenbeck, J. R. , Gerhart, B. , and Wright, P. M. (2007), Human resource management: Gaining a competitive advantage, McGraw-Hill, USA. Nunnally, J. C. , and Bernstein I. H. ,(1994), Psychometric Theory, McGraw-Hill, New York. Pollitt, D. (2004), Nokia Connects HR Policy with Company Success. Human Resource Management. Vol. 12, No. 6, pp. 3032. Schuler, R. S. (1981), Personnel and Human Resource Management, West Publish ing Company, USA. 32. Singh, K. (2004), Impact of HR Practices on Perceived Firm Performance in India: Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 301-317. 33. Thang, N. N. , and Buyens, D. (2008), What We Know about Relationship between Training and Firm Performance: A Review of Literature. Paper Presented at The 7th International Conference on Ethics And Quality of Work-Life for Sustainable Development, Bangkok, Thailand. 34. Tzafrir, S. S. (2006), A Universalistic Perspective for Explaining the Relationship between HRM Practices and Firm Performance At Different Points In Time: Journal of Managerial Psychology,Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 109-130. IJBIT/Volume 3/Issue 2/April – September 10 | 19 How to cite Impact of HR Practices on Organizational Performance in Bangladesh, Essay examples

Health Information System Analysis

Question: Discuss about theHealth Information System Analysis. Answer: Introduction to Health Information Systems Analysis of Sources Challenge Introduction Health informatics is one of the elements of the health care system by which use of information technology helps in keeping patients records and evaluating key outcomes of a health care organization. Health informatics should have the potential to improve the health outcome of patients. The purpose of this report is to analyze 8 data sources related to health information system and technology issues. It will summarize the main ideas presented in the each report and how the implementation process can be challenging for those ideas. It will give detail on IT governance learning and other learning that can be gained from this report. As these issues have implication on the health patients, the report discusses the benefits or limitations of the process in the health care system. After analysis of the sources, the report will give recommendation to address those limitations and improve health information system. Analysis Source Main ideas presented Key implementation challenges and learnings IT Governance learnings Benefits or limitations to patients and patient care Other learnings Source 1: (eHealth, 2016). It gives detail on understanding the ecosystem of health data and how all the information fit in the elements of eHealth Understanding complex health data can be challenging and policy makers may require holistic understanding to manage such data. The analytical methods and new features of technology brings new challenges in health care environment. Main learning from the resource is that sources of health data is expanding and the new technology helps in effectively linking one data to other. New stakeholders in health care have emerged with eHealth and it also helped traditional stakeholder to learn new skills and work with new technological configuration. eHealth at WHO enables health development to improve patient care. It has helped patient to get better knowledge of disease and health content through the use of eLearning. Drawbacks of eHealth for patients include high cost of service due to high maintenance cost and disruptions in workflow. There are also privacy concerns for patients (Menachemi Collum, 2011). New analytical methods in analysing health care data helps in linking them with data on patients lifestyle, environment and behaviour. Source 2: (Cresswell Sheikh, 2013). 1) Information related to implementation of eHealth applications in health care setting and challenges faced after review of variety of medical databases. Barriers in the implementation of health informatics include inadequate information management, lack of cooperation between internal agencies and intrusiveness of the system due to lack of testing. Key learnings included balanced acts for effective implementation so that risk involved from technology is minimised. IT governance can facilitate adoption of technology by considering the cost involved, ease of use of user interface and the ability to operate with existing technology present in the health care organization. Innovative use of technology is also possible by supportive organizational culture and realizing that technology helps organization to develop and evolve further. Benefits to patients and patient care are better acceptance and confidence to use system after good health outcome. The satisfaction level of patients with health providers enhance and it facilitates fast communication within health care system. Limitations to patient care include many technology are not inclusive leading to failure in implementation and results in disruptive work practice. Other learnings from analysis of source revealed the following: Successful implementation is possible by considering the nature of innovation, effectively communicating about to staffs about introduction of new technology and taking steps to make change sustainable. Source 3: (The future is now, 2016). It reports on the strain in health service due to different issues within the health care system and gave detail on how health care system can be organized according to type of demands in the system. The report gave information on the ageing population, high patient expectation and lack of funding as the reason for pressure in health care system. Another important learning was taking diagnosis out of hospital with the rise in Peek Visions easy-to-use app which are portable tool for eye care. It minimized the use of bulky medical instruments in remote locations and enables use of mobile phones a diagnostic tool. Engagement of community along with government regulation will help in effective application of health technology. IT governance needs to break down primary and secondary care to develop health care service in hospital setting. The eHealth services can be accessible to more people through remote monitoring and relocating delivery of services. Report on Ingrid Bridle, a 70 years old health consumer showed that access to online GP records helper her to effectively manage auto-immune conditions. Patients revealed satisfaction on easily assessing summaries of health problems, test results and medications. It has widened channels of communication of patients with doctors. Health technology has given patients more control over health service. It has also led to establishment of self-dialysis unit such in Ryhov hospital in Sweden where patient can operate the machine themselves. The benefits of personalized medication became evident from the report which will help in guiding treatment regimen according to patients genetic constitution. Source 4: (17th PACI Task Force Meeting Executive Summary, 2016). This source gives detail on the better steps that can be taken to realize the full potential of health information technology. It mainly gives detail on the initiatives taken by the Organization for Economic and Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries for effective implementation of ICTs. The main challenge for OECD countries is the increase in demand of responsive health care system to address disparities in access to health service. Another issue is that countries struggle to provide high quality care at affordable cost to patients and providers. They key facts learnt in the report is that ICTs can act as new source of job creation and also has the potential to reduce cost involved in health care service. However, the main concern is the uneven adoption of ICT in OECD countries. Learnings for IT governance include linking ICTs with competitiveness. This is important because it helps in considering the pull of technology to maintain competitiveness in service. They can take action to take relevant actions to improve existing policies and measurement regarding ICTs in concerned countries. The main benefits of ICTs for patient care is that it has enabled rapid information sharing through the use of computerized computer order entry system (CPOE) and lead to improvement in reporting of health or illness (Coustasse et al., 2013).. Hence electronic health record has been useful in improving the responsiveness of care. Health care staffs who are going to efficiently adopt this in care will lead to increased acceptance of care. The limitations for patient are risk of violations of patients information due to unauthorized access. Other important facts regarding the ICTs development in OECD country is that there are still immense opportunities for OECD countries to develop patient-centric electronic record system and prioritize heath information exchange. Source 5: (Cresswell et al., 2013). The ideas presented in the source included considerations for successful implementation and adoption of health information technology. There are challenges to implementation because it requires strategic planning to make systemic changes in the organization to effectively integrate health information technology. Failure in implementation occurs mostly because organize fail to conceptualize the reason for transformation. The learnings in the process include analysing the problem the technology is going to address to understands its importance in the health care system. The IT governance cane take steps to involve all professionals and managers into a consensus according to strategic vision of the organization. It will help in getting the organization ready for change and help in achieving realistic expectation when whole team understands the need for change. Limitations of patient care include factors like rejection by patients as some patients resist the use of such system and they feel that it will lead to more complication in understanding the health process. This may also hamper therapeutic relation with patients. Benefits of health technology for patients care are better accessibility to medical information and accurate documentation of patients medical history. It will enable high quality and safe delivery of care. Patient can now easily track the risk of drug interaction and take better health care decision (Meier et al., 2013). Health information system can be effectively implemented when adequate time is invested in considering different benefits of technological systems and availability of different types of technology relevant to the needs of organization. Evaluating the success of same technology in other health care organization can also be helpful in determining the application of technology in existing organization. Source 6: Getting the most from health apps, 2016). The video gives idea on the current applications for assessing diabetes and blood pressure and also demonstrates their ease of use among patients. The challenges in using this app are that patients have to enter data in this application manually. Hence, there is demand for those technology were doctors could enter data in those applications. The key learning is that health professionals are trying to use a phone app interface that can allow them to monitor entered by patients. IT governance can play a role in making resources available to the health care organization and setting priorities to facilitate use of health application among patients. This will help in engaging health care professionals in the process to reach out to target population (Effective IT Governance Needed for Successful Clinical Informatics Implementations, 2012). Limitation to use of health technology for patient care is that many people do not know how to pay for it or manage data from phone applications. Support of health care physicians is needed initially to effectively manage such datas. Benefits of health application for patient is that patients can easily use the app and they get the values directly in their mobile without the need for visiting diagnostic centre. It leads to regular monitoring of blood sugar level and helps to maintain good health. Health care researcher are not targeting those patients who have better impact on the health care system such as those with chronic illness as they account for major part of health expenditure. Source 7: (Joel Selanikio: The surprising seeds of a big-data revolution in healthcare, 2016). The You tube video gives detail on presence of too many data available in internet and other applications and the problem arising in management of such data. The challenges that people face in the absence of big data includes unavailability of actual information related to health. Hence, actual information on people affected by disaster or conflicting situation is missing. The key learning was that information regarding vaccination and birth rate in a country can be accessible only by manual survey and not on internet. However, this process is very consuming and data management and storage is also difficult. Data entry of this information is also a complex process. The role of IT governance is to work on making the data collection process faster by providing better infrastructure, better technology and the engaging more staffs in the process. The best approach is to distribute technology across countries is to utilise cloud based software. It does not requires any training and people just have to visit the website to get connected with immense data from different parts of the world. The benefit of big data on health of patient is that it helps in identification of public health issues and making situation better. Use of cloud based data leads to efficiency in tracking diseases and drug supplies. Other important information gained from the video was that collecting data digitally form the beginning will help in direct analysis and using the data to save peoples lives. It is also a more efficient process of data collection. This technology will be useful in successful execution of health care programs. Source 8: (Black et al., 2011). This article gives insight into the impact of eHealth on the quality of health care service and evaluation of effectiveness of eHealth technologies on the quality of care. Three main areas of eHealth technologies that was investigated are storage and transmission of data, support for clinical decision and the delivery of care from distant location s. The limitation found in eHealth technology is that many of the claims made for this technology is not true. The key learning from the investigation was that there is large gap between postulated and actual benefits of eHealth technology and there is lack of guideline on best practice. Policy makers should take actions to make eHealth technology more reliable for people by accurately monitoring the products at the time of approval and testing phase. It is imperative that future health care technologies are evaluated according to strict measures to identify its effectiveness throughout the life cycle of the technology. Social factors should also be considered for successful implementation of health technology (Mukherjee Menon, 2013). eHealth technology pose risk to the health of patients in the absence of proper research on risk involved in implementation of this technology. It may also have an impact on the cost-effectiveness of the technology (Cooper et al., 2015). Other important finding of the resource is that the validity of the health technology should be assessed by empirical evidence as the clinical claims made are often not true. Hence evaluation of eHealth technologies against set measures will help in effective reducing risk to patients and improve overall health outcome Conclusions From the analysis of eight sources on the issues in health informatics, the main ideas that came into the forefront includes the complexities in health data ecosystem, challenges faced in the implementation of health application, reasons for pressure in health care system, development in eHealth readiness in the world, factors to be considered for effective health technology implementation and the benefits and challenges on new health applications. Another issue which was not related to eHealth was also presented which presented the benefits of mental strength for individuals. Analysis of this article lead to identification of many developments in health care technology as well as limitations present in such technology. The major advantage of this technology was related to increased health satisfaction among patients, better therapeutic relationship between health care staff, better integration of service and making health information readily available to all patients. Hence, it can be concluded that despite immense benefits of health care technology, IT governance have a role in address the gap in system by improving strict implementation procedures to make the change successful according the goals of the organization. Recommendations The approaches to reducing the gap found in health care technology are as follows: Comparing other relevant health technology or determining the effectiveness of technology by evaluating their outcome in other relevant health care organization. It will help in determining the usefulness of technology for target population. Taking coordinated consensus on making all health care staff aware about the effective integration of new technology and lead to consistency in decision making. It will help in minimizing errors within the system (Berger et al., 2014). eHealth research should be more contextual in order to translate them into policy and it should be based on responsive design. Specific assessment model may also help in determining the health benefits of health care technology (Glasgow et al., 2014). It is also necessary to choose health care technology according to clinical needs and develop right infrastructure for introducing the health care technology. It will help in supporting consumer engagement with the eHealth (Cresswell et al., 2013). The IT governance should have a role in the careful planning and evaluation o f progress in eHealth technology (Ricciardi et al., 2013). It will be necessary to evaluate the factors that affect the implementation process such as patient factor, organization factors and innovation level factor. According to Chaudoir et al., (2013), there is lack of agreements regarding the benefits presented and identifiable measures of the construct. Hence, a multi-level framework is needed to cover all the predominant factors affecting the implementation process and determine the validity of eHealth technology. Reference 17th PACI Task Force Meeting Executive Summary. (2016).17th PACI Task Force Meeting Executive Summary. Retrieved 24 October 2016, from https://reports.weforum.org/global-information-technology-report-2013/ Berger, M. L., Martin, B. C., Husereau, D., Worley, K., Allen, J. D., Yang, W., ... Crown, W. (2014). A questionnaire to assess the relevance and credibility of observational studies to inform health care decision making: an ISPOR-AMCP-NPC good practice task force report.Value in health,17(2), 143-156. Black, A., Car, J., Pagliari, C., Anandan, C., Cresswell, K., Bokun, T. et al. (2011). The Impact of eHealth on the Quality and Safety of Health Care: A Systematic Overview.Plos Med,8(1), e1000387. https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000387 Chaudoir, S. R., Dugan, A. G., Barr, C. H. (2013). Measuring factors affecting implementation of health innovations: a systematic review of structural, organizational, provider, patient, and innovation level measures.Implementation Science,8(1), 1. Cooper, A., Dowding, D., Barrett, D. (2015). The impact of new information and communication technologies on the development of advanced practice.Advanced nursing practice: changing healthcare in a changing world. London: Palgrave, 288-301. Cresswell, K., Sheikh, A. (2013). Organizational issues in the implementation and adoption of health information technology innovations: an interpretative review.International journal of medical informatics,82(5), e73-e86. Cresswell, K., Bates, D., Sheikh, A. (2013). Ten key considerations for the successful implementation and adoption of large-scale health information technology.Journal Of The American Medical Informatics Association,20(e1), e9-e13. https://dx.doi.org/10.1136/amiajnl-2013-001684 Coustasse, A., Shaffer, J., Conley, D., Coliflower, J., Deslich, S., Sikula, A. (2013). Computer Physician Order Entry (CPOE): benefits and concerns-a status report.Journal of Information Technology Research (JITR),6(3), 16-31. Effective IT Governance Needed for Successful Clinical Informatics Implementations. (2012).HIMSS. Retrieved 24 October 2016, from https://www.himss.org/news/effective-it-governance-needed-successful-clinical-informatics-implementations eHealth. (2016).World Health Organization. Retrieved 24 October 2016, from https://www.who.int/ehealth/en/ Getting the most from health apps. (2016).YouTube. Retrieved 24 October 2016, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JtWtkdTfJmw Glasgow, R. E., Phillips, S. M., Sanchez, M. A. (2014). Implementation science approaches for integrating eHealth research into practice and policy.International journal of medical informatics,83(7), e1-e11. Joel Selanikio: The surprising seeds of a big-data revolution in healthcare. (2016).YouTube. Retrieved 26 October 2016, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mb8x6vLcggc Meier, C. A., Fitzgerald, M. C., Smith, J. M. (2013). eHealth: extending, enhancing, and evolving health care.Annual review of biomedical engineering,15, 359-382. Menachemi, N. Collum,. (2011). Benefits and drawbacks of electronic health record systems.RMHP, 47. https://dx.doi.org/10.2147/rmhp.s12985 Mukherjee, D., Menon, G. (2013). 11 Technology and Its Role in Good Governance.Governance, Development, and Social Work,36, 201. Ricciardi, L., Mostashari, F., Murphy, J., Daniel, J. G., Siminerio, E. P. (2013). A national action plan to support consumer engagement via e-health.Health Affairs,32(2), 376-384. The future is now. (2016).The future is now. Retrieved 24 October 2016, from https://www.kingsfund.org.uk/reports/thefutureisnow/

Good Samaritan Interpretation and Application

Facts The verse explains on what one must do to inherit everlasting life. Eternal life can only be achieved through obeying God’s law which is summarized into two: loving God and the neighbor. The emphasis is on doing not just knowing which has been repeated thrice: verse 25, 28, and 37.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Good Samaritan Interpretation and Application specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The parable given from verse 30 to 35 emphasis on the act of doing in the definition of a neighbor just the way the Good Samaritan helped a man who had been robbed and bitten then left to death, an act that the Priest and the Levite didn’t yet they knew and taught about God’s law on love (Alexander Patricia, 1999). The conversation was between Jesus Christ and a lawyer. The lawyer knew the Jewish custom as he was a professional in their law which is both written and verbal. The lawyer was testing Je sus on the law where he even calls Him â€Å"Teacher.† Jesus having perceived his intention He then answers him with a question concerning what the law says. In the lawyer’s attempt of justifying himself, he therefore wants Jesus to verify who the neighbor is where He answers by giving a parable. There was nothing Christ gave against the law (Yancey Quinn, 2001). Jesus was in Jerusalem when He was being tested by the lawyer. He gave a parable of man who was travelling from Jerusalem on his way to Jericho. Jerusalem is about 17 miles far from Jericho. Many people passed through the route but it wasn’t a safe route; there were robbers who attacked people. The victim was then left just by roadside where everybody could see him on his way; three categories of people saw him: the Priest, the Levite, and the Samaritan (Alexander Patricia, 1999). The conversation took place when Jesus had already predicted His death. By this time the Jews had sought to kill Him by th e argument that He made Himself God when He said that He’s from God who is His father. They were accusing Him of blasphemy in forging of sins. The Pharisees, the Jews and the lawyers didn’t believe in Him. Actually at this particular time the lawyer wanted to get something that he can accuse Him for. He’s a â€Å"Teacher† yet He teaches against their law but he didn’t manage to trap Him. His time to be put to death had not yet come (Yancey Quinn, 2001).Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Interpretation The conversation took place immediately after the return of the seventy who had been sent out to preach. They had returned with joy because of the great things that had happened but Christ challenged them to be joyous in that their names are known in heaven. He then rejoices in spirit where He tells His disciples that they are blessed to have ex perienced the great things of the Lord. He thereafter went with His disciples into one village in Jerusalem called Bethany where Martha and Mary lived: the sisters to Lazarus His friend (Alexander Patricia, 1999). The scripture is all about things that one has to do to attain everlasting life which is achieved through loving God and man. It can then be compared with the scripture in Leviticus 18:5 which emphasis on keeping the God’s law by practicing it, just as Luke 10:28, 37, Leviticus 19:18 also emphasis on loving of ones neighbor. Deuteronomy 6:5 Moses gives the Israelites the Ten Commandments which Christ divided them in to two in Mark12:29-31 loving God with whole self and ones neighbor. Christ refers to this law when He asked in Luke 10:26 â€Å"what is written in the law† (Yancey Quinn, 2001). The lawyer was in his assignment to test Jesus. He was a specialist in Jewish law which directed on what one had to do, but still he couldn’t be helped by that. The theoretical knowledge couldn’t at all help him in attaining eternal life. He wanted to know the faithfulness of Christ concerning the law where He gives him a parable in His response. The parable is itself a contradiction â€Å"Good Samaritan.† Samaritans were hated by the Jews and not referred as their neighbors but yet he showed mercy to the victim what the Levite and the Priest didn’t do (Alexander Patricia, 1999). Christ is the overall Teacher. Even though the lawyer didn’t mean exactly what he said by calling Him â€Å"Teacher† by the fact that he was testing Him, at the end of the conversation He proves to be. He didn’t come to break the law which God had given to Israel though Moses but He came to fulfill the same law. Christ could not fall in the trap of the lawyer, having power to perceive his motives He answers the lawyer in the rabbinical set-up by asking him a question (Yancey Quinn, 2001).Advertising We will write a c ustom essay sample on Good Samaritan Interpretation and Application specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Application In the day to day life this scripture defines a neighbor as someone who is in need. Showing help without considerations of gender, ethnicity, race or whichever status. The willingness to cross all these barriers is therefore important. Also ones needs to take risk in that the Samaritan didn’t rely care whether the robbers could have hidden themselves and they could attack him also as he helped the victim. There is need to sacrifice just as the Samaritan paid the cost of treatment and even offered to pay more which would occur. This will help me to improve in my acts in showing compassion to others as a Christian (Alexander Patricia, 1999). References Alexander, D., Patricia, A. (Eds.). (1999). Zondervan Handbook ti the Bible. Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House. Yancey, P., Quinn, B . (2001). Meet the Bible. New York: Zondervan. This essay on Good Samaritan Interpretation and Application was written and submitted by user Joey V. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Earth History Essay Example

Earth History Essay Example Earth History Essay Earth History Essay â€Å"EARTH HISTORY† Geologic Time: Geology needs a time Scale: -The prime goal of the science of geology, is to interpreting earth history. Geological time scale- -Anordered,internallyconsistent, internationally recognized sequence of time intervals, and record the life of Earth. Short history of geology: James Ussher(mid 1600s)- he determined that earth was only a few thousands of years old having been created in 4004 b. c Catastrophists(17-18cen. )-believed that earth landscape had been developed primarily by great catastrophes. John Wesley Powell(1869)- He realized that the evidence for an ancient earth is concealed in its rocks. Geologists-who concern w/ the studied the earth history ,they learned that earth is much older than anyone and its surface and interior have been changed over and over again. birth of modern geology: Uniformitarianism-It simply state that the physical, chemical, and biological laws that operate to day have also operate in the geologic past. Relative dating-key principles: Types of dates used to interpret Earth history 1. RelativeDates-meansput events in their proper sequence of formation. 2. Numerical dates-which pinpoint the time in years when an event took place. Basic Principle or rules that can be established in relative dates: Law of superposition: -It simply states that in an underformedsequence of sedimentary rocks, each bed is older than the one above it and younger than one below. Principle of original horizontality: -It means that layers of sediment are generally deposited in a horizontal position. Principleofcross-cutting relationship: -An intrusive rock body is younger than the rocks it intrudes. A fault is younger than the rock layers it cuts. Inclusions: are pieces of one rock unit that are contained within another. Sometimes it can aid the relative dating process. Unconformities: -all such breaks in the rock record are termed†unconformities†. â€Å"3 basic types of unconformities:† 1. Angular unconformity- it consists of tilted or folded sedimentary rocks that are overlain by younger, more flat-lying strata. 2. Disconformity-are more com mon but usually far less conspicuous, because the strata on either side are essentially parallel. 3. Nonconformity-the break separates older metamorphic or intrusive Igneous rocks from younger sedimentary strata. Correlation of rock layers: -The matching up of two or more geologic Phenomena in different areas. FOSSILS: EVIDENCE OF FAST LIFE -The remains or traces of prehistoric Life. Types of fossils: *mold fossils  (a fossilized impression made in the substrate) *cast fossils  (formed when a mold is filled in) *trace fossils (fossilized nests, gastroliths, burrows, footprints, etc. ) *true form fossils  (fossils of the actual animal or animal part). Fossils and correlation: Principle of fossil succession-states that fossil organisms originate, coexist, and disappear from the geologic record in a definite sequential order.

Immigration vs the NASW Code of Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Immigration vs the NASW Code of Ethics - Essay Example In essence, most of the professional fields have stipulated particular consequences in form of fines and penalties that should be imposed on anyone who does not adhere to the ethical conducts. The National Association of Social Workers (NASW) is the social worker’s professional organization in the United States. However, not all workers belong to the NASW. The organization has stipulated principles and values that all members adhere. The enshrined values aim to promoting the social aspects within society. The NASW code of ethics advocates for equality and justice to all. However, the federal government’s current policy on immigration has remained the most controversial aspect that contravenes the tenets of the National Association of Social Workers. North America is known as the land of immigrants because unlike any other nation, it receives millions of immigrants annually, and this has labeled the United States as the melting Pot in the globe. The proposals such as Tax ation Laws, Prosecuting Illegal Immigrants, H4 visa Program and the H-1B Visa Program, put forward in the much-awaited amendment of the immigration policy contravene the basic values of a social worker’s perspective. However, proposals such as the Life Adjustment Program, Legalization of Undocumented Immigrants and W-visa Program promote the values of a social worker. ... This paper seeks to examine the core values and principles of NASW’s code of ethics and compare them to the 1986 immigration legislation and its current policies and procedures of enforcement. This comparison will guide a detailed discussion of what changes in policy should be included as the Congress contemplates new immigration legislation in relation to the social worker’s perspective. As point of departure, the illegal entry has taken place for a long time and indeed, during the 1986 amnesty, almost 12 million illegal immigrants were in the United States forming 5% of the entire work force (Washingtonpost.com, 2013). This statistics indicates severe situation, since the statistics are overwhelming. This might have contributed to the stringent immigration policy, which the social worker’s perspective does not support. The issue of immigration is a national problem to the US government and an international challenge across other countries. A bill was passed in the U.S. known as Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986,and became a law, which made legal the hiring and recruitment of illegal immigrants† (Washingtonpost.com, 2013). According to Goodman, (2013), comparison of this law with the NASW, evidences that, the law enshrines tough regulations that turned out to be inhuman. The NASW has fine ethical code of conduct that is contrary to the regulations of the Act. Other reforms made in the immigration policy in the past have consistently contradicted this code of conduct. Denial of certain rights to certain group of people is considered inhuman, since it violates the basic human rights. It will be a win situation for the members and proponents

Critique of a Speech or Presentation (or editorial Essay - 1

Critique of a Speech or Presentation (or editorial - Essay Example This paper shall talk of how Obama manipulates his audience, or attempts to do so, through trying to confuse their view and hide the violence that his government and previous governments have done upon the nations which have been the targets of affirmative action. Previous instances of governmental actions shall be discussed in the paper as well. Obama begins his address by attempting an appeal to the emotions of the audience and also those who would get to know of it later. An appeal is thus made to the pathos of the listeners and the public of the United States of America. This appeal of pathos can be seen right towards the beginning of his speech, where he says, I would like to begin today by telling you about an American named Chris Stevens.... Chris Stevens loved his work. He took pride in the country he served, and saw dignity in the people he met. Two weeks ago, he travelled to Benghazi to review plans to establish a new cultural center and modernize a hospital. Thats when Americas compound came under attack. Along with three of his colleagues, Chris was killed in the city he helped to save (Obama). An appeal to the pathos and emotions of the audience in the United Nations and the people of America is understandable when one thinks of Obama’s position within the world of American politics. At a point of time that is close to the presidential elections, Obama attempts to make himself look like a person whom the common man of America can identify with is important. This is significant, especially if one takes into account the image that Barack Obama tries to project of himself- a man with a happy family life who has overcome racial problems to rise to the highest office in America and yet hasn’t lost touch with the lower sections of American society. All of these are appeals to the rhetoric of pathos that has always been a part of oratory. Continuing in the same strain in an attempt to appeal to

Integration Of Psychology And Christianity

Integration Of Psychology And Christianity The question of Christianity being integrated with psychology is a matter of degrees. Secular psychology and the other sciences would seek to over time remake Christian thought into their own image where Christianity and Christian scholarship is merely philosophical and not a true belief system or an opportunity to actually know God. We as believers need to stay involved so that the Christian population can remain relevant in social, political and educational circles. There are more self-professed Christians here in the United States than any other religion and still more people who believe in something greater than themselves. We must exert our authority and political power as one of the largest groups to ensure the proper counseling and training of Christian families and individuals everywhere to make sure that counseling and therapy meets the needs of our people. Christians should be able to take advantage of both science, psychology and Christian counseling techniques because all truth is Gods truth whether or not it is specified in scripture. My view is that psychology needs to be disseminated through the understanding of and the expressed intents of scripture and the needs of the individual whether or not they are a believer. If that meets the qualification for the integration test then so be it. Is it Possible to Integrate Christianity and Psychology? My initial response to the question is that your belief in God and faith should come first and that the scientific training should follow only if it lines up with scripture. There are basic presuppositions like personal responsibility and the effects of the fall of man that need to be considered against the overriding thought and teaching of secular psychological educators and institutions. First we have to decide what our basis for truth is, and exhaust that until it completely engulfs our way of viewing both the physical and spiritual worlds as well as the behavior of people. Just as we look to mathematics to measure and make judgments on our wealth and physical well-being, we can use scripture to guide us in our search to make good decisions and to honor the Creator. Science and belief in God are not antithetical but, many believe that they are. A good Christian would simply have the ability to go to Godly precepts and principles found in scripture and work from there as a startin g point. The Bible does not to my knowledge force anyone to make any mental jump or incorrect way of thinking as to endanger themselves. Integration is possible and we as Christians need to be involved in both the secular and Christian worlds of science, psychology and therapy. Recent history has shown that the prevailing culture is moving and changing in ways that call out for Gods will and His justice. Hunter states that Pastoral care of believers has been a part of life since the beginnings of the Christian Church whereas psychology has only been around for less than two hundred years and that Christian counselors are increasingly being sought out by those looking for advice on spiritual and religious issues (Hunter, 2009). Furthermore, there has been some scholarly work done in the area of Christian and psychological integration but, it has not been well received and has had little impact on scientific psychology (Bishop, 2009). Most notable was the work of Mary Stewart Van Leeuwen who contributed for over fifteen years without much success. Tarakeshwar argued that religion should be fully integrated into psychological research since religious belief holds a large role in peoples lives regardless of their culture. In addition, religion has been found to be a strong forecaster of important life areas and influences beliefs and religious practice. It also has cross-cultural influence (Tarakeshwar, 2003). In the same vein of thought, Omans article described the connections between religion, spirituality and social empowerment. Religion has been a primary driver of emerging social-movements and their success especially where the reality of good and evil forces are described in a culturally relevant way (Oman, 2003). Tan reported in his article that the best way to teach Christian and psychological integration was to have, authentic, open, caring and meaningful mentoring or personal relationship with a professor, a therapist, or some other significant person in the students life and training, is the most important and crucial factor in learning and developing integration skills. He further stated that, the clinical supervisor is also an example of a person who can be a significant mentor to students in such a way that they learn integration. Christian clinical supervision facilitates learning and the developing of integration and clinical skills and fosters personal growth that is Christ-centered, Bible-based, and Spirit-filled with the end result being more compatible treatment for Christian clients (Tan, 2009). The difficulty in meshing Christianity and Psychology is that there will always be a degree of fealty to one side or another. According to Strelan, many studies have demonstrated that spirituality and religion are closely associated with psychological well-being but, there are also levels of spiritual maturity and an individuals ability to forgive others to contend with. Noted in particular were situations where persons had feelings of disappointment with God that caused more depression. In these instances a deeper understanding of forgiveness and its benefits to the individual were espoused (Strelan, 2009). What could a secular psychologist do to aid a believer in this situation? They would have to avoid the issue altogether or tear down the belief itself. Another area discussed by Carson is the unconverted subconscious which is described as an un-surrendered part of the soul or psyche that often gets left behind during and after becoming a Christian. The unconverted subconscious can play a major role in the spiritual walk of believers. Carsons article states, examples of this can be seen in those who live incongruent and defeated lives, struggle with impulse control and addictive behaviors, experience serious psychological dysfunction and relationship difficulties, fail to heal from experiences of the past, and suffer great emotional pain. This is another place where psychology alone has no answer (Carson, 2009) The Intent of Biblical Counseling Encourage one another, and build up one another, just as you also are doing (1 Thessalonians 5:11 New International Version) Biblical counseling has been described in my studies as the work and action of discipleship. When Jesus assembled his disciples he directed them to follow him so that they could have a relationship with Him. Discipleship is the give and take between individuals as they grow in the knowledge and understanding of God. This could occur between as little as two believers or many as in the typical church or seminary. We are all somewhere in the process of teaching and training others and being taught ourselves. We are all charged with the ability and the necessity to be of assistance to those who are less mature in Christ. Our ultimate goal is to become Christ-like and to show those less mature what Godliness looks like, so that they can see the Creators plan played out in their midst. We are to walk in faith as we communicate to others the truth that God is the answer to every problem. He created us to glorify Himself through our lifes walk but we cannot accomplish this without the Gospel message. It is Christ that allows us to be reconciled back unto God. The godly and holy person is able to be in total command of their behavior unlike the unsaved might expect. The saved person is able to even look beyond his or her own needs when important decisions need to be made. Because of this, godly men and women make brilliant leaders, parents, teachers, and of course helpers. This desire to share our love for Christ allows and even pushes the cycle of discipleship to persist which is the great commission all Christians have been given. And Jesus came and spoke to them, saying, All authority has been given to Me in heaven and on earth. Go therefore and make disciples of all the nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all things that I have commanded you; and lo, I am with you always, even to the end of the age. Amen. (Matthew 28:18-20 New International Version) Gods Role in the Process God is the reason we are here. In the Christian view of life and this world in which we live the problem is sin. Because of sin we are not able to navigate life in a way that truly meets every need. In God we can search out places in our lives where our behaviors and our choices have not lined up with the scriptures. The Holy Bible clearly enough states how we are to conduct ourselves in nearly every facet of life that truly matters. Unlike the vague and transitory nature of medical and psychological theories, God has given us clearly stated standards from which to assess our lives and our behaviors in the scriptures. He has given us the Bible to study, the Holy Spirit to teach and guide us, and of course His Son to save our souls so that we can be redeemed back unto Him. All Scripture is God-breathed and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in righteousness, so that the man of God may be thoroughly equipped for every good work. (2 Timothy 3:16-17 New International Version) Secular or worldly counselors and psychology do not have any kind of stable or consistent measure by which to gage behavior or morality. This leads to issues like moral relativism and flexible standards in societal behaviors. That does not mean that Christian counselors cannot utilize medicine or psychology in helping though. The information just needs to be viewed through the eyes of scripture first. I truly believe that medicine and science are godly pursuits and that God has inspired many of these endeavors for our betterment. Then you will know the truth, and the truth will set you free (John 8:32 New International Version) Responsibility of the Therapist Counselors are responsible to their clients and need to do what is expected and what is suitable in their manner of treatment. It is not enough that we only discuss personal facts and feelings. Counseling is real work and we need to make our clients understand this and commit to the assignments and sessions. Furthermore, Cavanagh states that, The counselor agrees to provide care, knowledge, skills, energy, honesty, strength and hope. We cannot take on the responsibility for clients behavior outside of counseling session. (Cavanagh Levitov, 1982/à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹2002) And according to Jay E. Adams, counselors must also be directive, which means that the counselor must be acquainted with the scriptures and should develop skills in dealing with clients based upon the Word of God. This allows the counselor to deal with clients in a way that shows deep concern and yet guides them in a way that addresses the power and authority of scripture. The helper ideally needs to be immersed in the understanding of the scriptures to the point where their personality and the biblical presuppositions they have learned and lived become one in the same. It is an indistinguishable expectation from what we desire of our pastors and ministers that they understand their place in Gods plan for humanity and their place as sons and daughters of God. If we are successful in this endeavor we will be leading people to Jesus and a new way of life. Never should we place our personal issues or desires before the authority of scripture because scripture leads to sanctification in Christ which is the foundation of our work. (Adams. J, 1973/à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹1986) Adams also points out that there are no problems that are not answered in scripture. He further states, there is a biblical solution to every problem, and Jesus was tested in every way that the rest of us are, yet He remained without sin. God has given us the Word so that we can take part in every good endeavor because we have been pre pared for every possibility. (Adams, 1973/à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹1986) Personality We are responsible for our behavior regardless of our race, socioeconomic background, or any other affiliation that is often brought up as a justification and excuse for poor conduct. Mulhollands Shaped By the Word discusses at length the nature of spiritual formation. He states that it is the process of being conformed to the image of Christ for the sake of others. Spiritual formation is a process that takes time and is a progression from simple initial belief and faith to a more complex maturity. This book states stridently that modern people will likely have a problem with undergoing extensive and time consuming sustained efforts in order to change. The author also asserts that spiritual formation is not just for church leadership, but it is to be the primal reality of our existence. By that the author is saying that we are being shaped by our decisions and our experiences either into the image of Christ or into something else. Whether we realize it or not we are undergoing consta nt spiritual transformation. Either we are becoming worldly, or we are becoming more and more like Christ. The natural or sinful person is going to try and control, or to manipulate everything and everyone around them to better meet their desires and needs. It takes a great deal to get someone to allow themselves to be conformed and that is why the Gospel is so important. The author describes this as, a reversal of the negative spiritual formation of our culture. It reverses our role from being the controller of worldly objects to being the object of the loving purposes of God who seeks to guide us into wholeness. We change from a being, of sorts into Gods creation. Scripture is very important in this process of conforming to the image of Christ. Scripture is what shows us and teaches us what the possibilities are in living a Christ-like reality and existence. The Author remarks that one of the more difficult truths in spiritual formation is that it is inseparable from our relationships with others. Our relationship with God cannot be of a personal matter. It should be a major force in ou r day to day lives. (Mulholland, 1985/2000) Assessment Issues Cavanagh, in The Counseling Experience clearly states that an integrated approach to counseling and treatment is more advantageous than just a secularized therapeutic option. The components of our behavior are many and they are multifaceted. There are biological, sociological, cultural and several other drivers of our individual conduct and behavior. He states that whereas in the past clinicians chose a single basis for treatment and assessment that there is so much available to us now that carries merit that it is in the clients best interest to use these more inclusive opportunities to treat them. All options are considered from medical and physical testing, to psychological assessments that could show a need for the administration of medications or further medical treatments. Once this is all attempted it is easier to decide whether counseling could be beneficial to the individual. Cavanagh further states that even helpers that do not treat clients with serious emotional or mental disorders could benefit from learning about the medical model of treatment and multiaxial diagnosis. The counselor is expected to cultivate working professional relationships with physicians, psychologists, psychiatrists and religious leaders among others. Again, this is considered to be a responsible and acceptable way to decide who is going to be referred, or treated, and it allows the counselor to choose a competent professional to send referrals to who is likely a specialist in their field who could assure a positive outcome for the client. (Cavanagh Levitov,1982/2002) It is important to point out for clarifications sake that all treatments need to be such that they correspond with biblical presuppositions and acceptable methods of treatment and the plausibility of a positive outcome and safety for the client involved. That being said, it is difficult to argue with such a comprehensive treatment plan. I know that I would feel very comfortable with this level of collaboration f or myself or even a family member. The Prevalence of Anxiety and its Part in Psychological Disorders Anxiety is a symptom of fearfulness and the antithesis of fear is love. That means that the answer to anxious behavior is often God because He is love. Sometimes fear is based in the discomfort that arises as a result of poor behavior or bad decision making which can be directly related to our Christian walk and worldview. Our actions all have consequences and sometimes the punishments that result from them. The first step in treatment is to decide whether the object of fear is appropriate or not. I enjoy hunting so I always have the thought that I might someday encounter a bear. That is a justifiable fear where I hunt whereas the fear of mice or a typical spider is not legitimate. A large bear could easily overtake a person where the other creatures could not. People with specific phobias experience powerful fear responses to a particular object or situation like spiders, excessive heights, or cramped spaces. The intensity of panic is typically inappropriate to the actual level of d anger and is acknowledged by the client being unreasonable or irrational. This anxiety and fear leads to an inability to manage regular daily living and activities. Excessive levels of fear can lead to the avoidance of common, everyday situations. Simply put, we can live in a state of love towards God and man or, we can live in fear of them because we believe that we are in danger. (Adams, 1973/à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹1986) 26So do not be afraid of them. There is nothing concealed that will not be disclosed, or hidden that will not be made known. 27What I tell you in the dark, speak in the daylight; what is whispered in your ear, proclaim from the roofs. 28Do not be afraid of those who kill the body but cannot kill the soul. Rather, be afraid of the One who can destroy both soul and body in hell. 29Are not two sparrows sold for a penny? Yet not one of them will fall to the ground apart from the will of your Father. 30And even the very hairs of your head are all numbered. (Matthew 10:26-30 New International Version) Biblical Understanding and Treatment of Mental Illness and Related Issues Gary R. Collins in Christian Counseling explains that the Bible does not explain mental disorders per say but, it does give us a greater understanding about the human condition and mans situation as a created being. In the Bible we can learn about virtue, behavior, and mans sinful nature. What the Bible shows us about sin is readily seen in our society today. We see materialism, power, and the persistent criminal and amoral state of man-made institutions. We also can see that God has made a way for us to avoid the ultimate punishment for sin through the Gospel message and that believers in the Church are to care for those with all manner of illness or need. Scripture does however refer to many emotions that are directly connected to mental and behavioral disorders. Collins lists many emotions and states like, anger, lust, jealousy, envy, ambition, impatience, a lack of self-control, orgies, marital infidelity, gluttony, drunkenness, lying, violence, suicide and several other pertinen t examples. Collins goes on to explain that not all mental disorders are the result of sin or poor behavior. He contrasts the plight of Nebuchadnezzar who became ill because of his uncalled-for refusal to obey Gods commands and Job who was an upright man who was seemingly afflicted for reasons outside of his influence. But it is understood that all mental and physical disorders are the symptoms of this sinful world regardless of ones personal responsibility. (Collins, 2007) The Place of Spiritual Growth in the Healing Process According to Shults and Sandage in, Transforming Spirituality spirituality has two main effects on the person. They are a distinct motivation towards action or, a calming of fear, anxiety, and other emotions. Both the arousal and the soothing as the authors describe are necessary depending on the needs of the client. It is similarly noted that the work of the Holy Spirit in the believer is to teach, guide, convict and comfort depending on the situation. What we are trying to do is teach our clients who God is and who they are in relation to Him. We are in essence engaging in the action of discipleship. We want our patients to understand that in Jesus Christ their sins are forgiven and that the reason that they have not lived fulfilling lives is that they just did not have the correct direction or motivation. Being forgiven is one of the most powerful events we can experience. For a person who has been stuck in a spiral of negative consequences it is of the utmost importance that they know that they can become something different than they have ever been. A thief that no longer steals is not a thief anymore. Neither is the adulterer or the liar who has been forgiven and has been changed through sound teaching and the person and work of the Holy Spirit. What we want is for people to only seek their worth from their personal relationship to God because He does not change like society does. The two effects of spiritual growth mentioned before are so very needed. The hurting individual needs to be made to feel safe and understood before they can really engage in serious work with a counselor or helper. Then as they begin to see and comprehend their own growth they are driven to work out their faith and their understanding in new ways. Truly there is a time to be still but, there is also a time to act on our new insights and the new personality we have acquired. (Shults Sandage, 2006/à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹2007) Scripture Based Counseling Goals, Strategies and Techniques of Change The goal of the Christian counselor is to help clients grow in their ability to love God and those who surround them. We want to enable personal changes in holiness and spiritual depth. This I believe is the way that we can help enable clients to meet the challenges of this life in a way that glorifies God. The Gospel is the answer to the sin problem of mankind and scripture is what we will teach with. Prayer and meditation upon God cements our relationship with Him. We believe that the Bible is able to address every place and problem in life and that the development of a personal relationship with Jesus Christ is the ultimate answer. Using the scriptures we can learn to understand our problems. We can find answers and solutions to the most sinful and difficult situations in our lives. The Bible teaches us to hope which allows us to be changed by our newly formed faith and the workings of the Holt Spirit. Even Christ taught by using scripture in His ministry so we should also use it as our main tool. We also need to keep in mind that there might be a medical issue involved in our clients problems. Because of this we need to work with physicians and other specialists when necessary. Peter the apostle said, His divine power has granted to us everything pertaining to life and godliness, through the true knowledge of Him Who called us (2 Peter 1 :3 New International Version) Our goal is the Biblical change to our minds which need to be aligned with the Word. These changes in turn can transform the heart of a person which is more beneficial than just altering ones behavior or personal situation. Because of this counseling should give the client a scriptural understanding of their problem. It should create clarity of the scriptures in regards to the problem at hand and its resolution. It should also put forth a godly plan or solution to the problem, and it should end with a plan and goal to better live your life as a Christian. The end result is that we become more like Jesus. He is the goal. Understanding, Responding to and Managing Client Resistance to Biblical Strategies Whether or not a client completely buys into Biblical counseling as an answer to their personal issues is almost immaterial in my view. We can broach the subject with them and if it is rejected we will still counsel from our worldview as Christians. It is not as if the Bible does not contain truth that can be used indirectly. Gods Word is found in many of our founding documents and even in the legal writings of this country. So, the Biblical presuppositions that we work with are still valid whether or not they are wholly accepted by any person or personality. We have to be able to show that we understand the difficulties inherent in a clients asking for help and that we appreciate their individual situations. The client has to work from their own frame of reference and with the mental and emotional abilities that they currently have. Our job is to create an atmosphere where they feel safe and secure in the midst of sometimes overpowering personal feelings, emotions and new realities. All types of resistance are a likely possibility but, once we get to the point where a true therapeutic relationship has been built we can be of more influence and are more likely to incorporate the reading of scripture and discussions about biblical themes more readily. There simply has to come a point where as counselors we are trusted by the clients enough that they allow us to take them where they need to go, which is to the Gospel. (Cavanagh Levitov, 1982/à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹2002) The Intent of Psychology Psychology taken on its own merits is a pseudo-science at best and cannot stand alone on its own virtues as other sciences do. Science is founded on theories and laws, with laws being foundational to ongoing work. Psychology does not have any particular laws to check or balance theorists in their work. What does seem to happen is that political and social forces seem to use psychology for their own ends and betterment. The Church and our society are in danger of being overtaken by various societal activist groups that see Christianity and, Judeo-Christian morality as a threat to their future accomplishments. I believe that this work started in our colleges and universities early in the last century. American schools like Harvard and Yale and, Englands Oxford and Cambridge all began as Christian institutions that now teach evolution and atheistic thought specifically. These are leftist leaning political groups that are anti-capitalist, anti-American, and Anti-God. In my own seminary c oursework, I have encountered text book reading involving concepts like social justice which in my opinion have no place in a Christian worldview. Social justice would seek to take by force that which has been earned so that it could be arbitrarily given to someone else. Nowhere in scripture is mentioned any type of forced giving or anything but an individuals redemption through Christ whereas social justice calls for group or wholesale redemption through the redistribution of wealth and opportunity. Why should my family suffer for the deeds of both black and white slave traders and owners and what they did hundreds of years ago? My ancestors did not live here, nor do we currently benefit from our ethnicity so in essence we are being stolen from through supposedly legal means. In my mind that makes us slaves to this new regime. There are other areas of concern like the DSM. It appears that the American Psychiatric Association can with little fanfare change deviant activities into mainstream and acceptable behaviors. This too is an attack on the Church and a society founded on Biblical principles. We do not want or need to completely integrate Christian faith with Psychology but, we dare not stay uninvolved in this area of study or it will be used against us and society will continue to be corrupted. I believe that I have outlined the manner in which positive integration on our own terms could be established which is through Tans description of purposeful mentoring and personal relationships with professors and therapists with significant understanding and spiritual maturity. The extensive and intentional use of Christian clinical supervisors throughout training enables counselors to develop integration and clinical skills that are Christ-centered, Biblical and well-matched to both Christian and non-believing clients.