Health Information System Analysis

Question: Discuss about theHealth Information System Analysis. Answer: Introduction to Health Information Systems Analysis of Sources Challenge Introduction Health informatics is one of the elements of the health care system by which use of information technology helps in keeping patients records and evaluating key outcomes of a health care organization. Health informatics should have the potential to improve the health outcome of patients. The purpose of this report is to analyze 8 data sources related to health information system and technology issues. It will summarize the main ideas presented in the each report and how the implementation process can be challenging for those ideas. It will give detail on IT governance learning and other learning that can be gained from this report. As these issues have implication on the health patients, the report discusses the benefits or limitations of the process in the health care system. After analysis of the sources, the report will give recommendation to address those limitations and improve health information system. Analysis Source Main ideas presented Key implementation challenges and learnings IT Governance learnings Benefits or limitations to patients and patient care Other learnings Source 1: (eHealth, 2016). It gives detail on understanding the ecosystem of health data and how all the information fit in the elements of eHealth Understanding complex health data can be challenging and policy makers may require holistic understanding to manage such data. The analytical methods and new features of technology brings new challenges in health care environment. Main learning from the resource is that sources of health data is expanding and the new technology helps in effectively linking one data to other. New stakeholders in health care have emerged with eHealth and it also helped traditional stakeholder to learn new skills and work with new technological configuration. eHealth at WHO enables health development to improve patient care. It has helped patient to get better knowledge of disease and health content through the use of eLearning. Drawbacks of eHealth for patients include high cost of service due to high maintenance cost and disruptions in workflow. There are also privacy concerns for patients (Menachemi Collum, 2011). New analytical methods in analysing health care data helps in linking them with data on patients lifestyle, environment and behaviour. Source 2: (Cresswell Sheikh, 2013). 1) Information related to implementation of eHealth applications in health care setting and challenges faced after review of variety of medical databases. Barriers in the implementation of health informatics include inadequate information management, lack of cooperation between internal agencies and intrusiveness of the system due to lack of testing. Key learnings included balanced acts for effective implementation so that risk involved from technology is minimised. IT governance can facilitate adoption of technology by considering the cost involved, ease of use of user interface and the ability to operate with existing technology present in the health care organization. Innovative use of technology is also possible by supportive organizational culture and realizing that technology helps organization to develop and evolve further. Benefits to patients and patient care are better acceptance and confidence to use system after good health outcome. The satisfaction level of patients with health providers enhance and it facilitates fast communication within health care system. Limitations to patient care include many technology are not inclusive leading to failure in implementation and results in disruptive work practice. Other learnings from analysis of source revealed the following: Successful implementation is possible by considering the nature of innovation, effectively communicating about to staffs about introduction of new technology and taking steps to make change sustainable. Source 3: (The future is now, 2016). It reports on the strain in health service due to different issues within the health care system and gave detail on how health care system can be organized according to type of demands in the system. The report gave information on the ageing population, high patient expectation and lack of funding as the reason for pressure in health care system. Another important learning was taking diagnosis out of hospital with the rise in Peek Visions easy-to-use app which are portable tool for eye care. It minimized the use of bulky medical instruments in remote locations and enables use of mobile phones a diagnostic tool. Engagement of community along with government regulation will help in effective application of health technology. IT governance needs to break down primary and secondary care to develop health care service in hospital setting. The eHealth services can be accessible to more people through remote monitoring and relocating delivery of services. Report on Ingrid Bridle, a 70 years old health consumer showed that access to online GP records helper her to effectively manage auto-immune conditions. Patients revealed satisfaction on easily assessing summaries of health problems, test results and medications. It has widened channels of communication of patients with doctors. Health technology has given patients more control over health service. It has also led to establishment of self-dialysis unit such in Ryhov hospital in Sweden where patient can operate the machine themselves. The benefits of personalized medication became evident from the report which will help in guiding treatment regimen according to patients genetic constitution. Source 4: (17th PACI Task Force Meeting Executive Summary, 2016). This source gives detail on the better steps that can be taken to realize the full potential of health information technology. It mainly gives detail on the initiatives taken by the Organization for Economic and Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries for effective implementation of ICTs. The main challenge for OECD countries is the increase in demand of responsive health care system to address disparities in access to health service. Another issue is that countries struggle to provide high quality care at affordable cost to patients and providers. They key facts learnt in the report is that ICTs can act as new source of job creation and also has the potential to reduce cost involved in health care service. However, the main concern is the uneven adoption of ICT in OECD countries. Learnings for IT governance include linking ICTs with competitiveness. This is important because it helps in considering the pull of technology to maintain competitiveness in service. They can take action to take relevant actions to improve existing policies and measurement regarding ICTs in concerned countries. The main benefits of ICTs for patient care is that it has enabled rapid information sharing through the use of computerized computer order entry system (CPOE) and lead to improvement in reporting of health or illness (Coustasse et al., 2013).. Hence electronic health record has been useful in improving the responsiveness of care. Health care staffs who are going to efficiently adopt this in care will lead to increased acceptance of care. The limitations for patient are risk of violations of patients information due to unauthorized access. Other important facts regarding the ICTs development in OECD country is that there are still immense opportunities for OECD countries to develop patient-centric electronic record system and prioritize heath information exchange. Source 5: (Cresswell et al., 2013). The ideas presented in the source included considerations for successful implementation and adoption of health information technology. There are challenges to implementation because it requires strategic planning to make systemic changes in the organization to effectively integrate health information technology. Failure in implementation occurs mostly because organize fail to conceptualize the reason for transformation. The learnings in the process include analysing the problem the technology is going to address to understands its importance in the health care system. The IT governance cane take steps to involve all professionals and managers into a consensus according to strategic vision of the organization. It will help in getting the organization ready for change and help in achieving realistic expectation when whole team understands the need for change. Limitations of patient care include factors like rejection by patients as some patients resist the use of such system and they feel that it will lead to more complication in understanding the health process. This may also hamper therapeutic relation with patients. Benefits of health technology for patients care are better accessibility to medical information and accurate documentation of patients medical history. It will enable high quality and safe delivery of care. Patient can now easily track the risk of drug interaction and take better health care decision (Meier et al., 2013). Health information system can be effectively implemented when adequate time is invested in considering different benefits of technological systems and availability of different types of technology relevant to the needs of organization. Evaluating the success of same technology in other health care organization can also be helpful in determining the application of technology in existing organization. Source 6: Getting the most from health apps, 2016). The video gives idea on the current applications for assessing diabetes and blood pressure and also demonstrates their ease of use among patients. The challenges in using this app are that patients have to enter data in this application manually. Hence, there is demand for those technology were doctors could enter data in those applications. The key learning is that health professionals are trying to use a phone app interface that can allow them to monitor entered by patients. IT governance can play a role in making resources available to the health care organization and setting priorities to facilitate use of health application among patients. This will help in engaging health care professionals in the process to reach out to target population (Effective IT Governance Needed for Successful Clinical Informatics Implementations, 2012). Limitation to use of health technology for patient care is that many people do not know how to pay for it or manage data from phone applications. Support of health care physicians is needed initially to effectively manage such datas. Benefits of health application for patient is that patients can easily use the app and they get the values directly in their mobile without the need for visiting diagnostic centre. It leads to regular monitoring of blood sugar level and helps to maintain good health. Health care researcher are not targeting those patients who have better impact on the health care system such as those with chronic illness as they account for major part of health expenditure. Source 7: (Joel Selanikio: The surprising seeds of a big-data revolution in healthcare, 2016). The You tube video gives detail on presence of too many data available in internet and other applications and the problem arising in management of such data. The challenges that people face in the absence of big data includes unavailability of actual information related to health. Hence, actual information on people affected by disaster or conflicting situation is missing. The key learning was that information regarding vaccination and birth rate in a country can be accessible only by manual survey and not on internet. However, this process is very consuming and data management and storage is also difficult. Data entry of this information is also a complex process. The role of IT governance is to work on making the data collection process faster by providing better infrastructure, better technology and the engaging more staffs in the process. The best approach is to distribute technology across countries is to utilise cloud based software. It does not requires any training and people just have to visit the website to get connected with immense data from different parts of the world. The benefit of big data on health of patient is that it helps in identification of public health issues and making situation better. Use of cloud based data leads to efficiency in tracking diseases and drug supplies. Other important information gained from the video was that collecting data digitally form the beginning will help in direct analysis and using the data to save peoples lives. It is also a more efficient process of data collection. This technology will be useful in successful execution of health care programs. Source 8: (Black et al., 2011). This article gives insight into the impact of eHealth on the quality of health care service and evaluation of effectiveness of eHealth technologies on the quality of care. Three main areas of eHealth technologies that was investigated are storage and transmission of data, support for clinical decision and the delivery of care from distant location s. The limitation found in eHealth technology is that many of the claims made for this technology is not true. The key learning from the investigation was that there is large gap between postulated and actual benefits of eHealth technology and there is lack of guideline on best practice. Policy makers should take actions to make eHealth technology more reliable for people by accurately monitoring the products at the time of approval and testing phase. It is imperative that future health care technologies are evaluated according to strict measures to identify its effectiveness throughout the life cycle of the technology. Social factors should also be considered for successful implementation of health technology (Mukherjee Menon, 2013). eHealth technology pose risk to the health of patients in the absence of proper research on risk involved in implementation of this technology. It may also have an impact on the cost-effectiveness of the technology (Cooper et al., 2015). Other important finding of the resource is that the validity of the health technology should be assessed by empirical evidence as the clinical claims made are often not true. Hence evaluation of eHealth technologies against set measures will help in effective reducing risk to patients and improve overall health outcome Conclusions From the analysis of eight sources on the issues in health informatics, the main ideas that came into the forefront includes the complexities in health data ecosystem, challenges faced in the implementation of health application, reasons for pressure in health care system, development in eHealth readiness in the world, factors to be considered for effective health technology implementation and the benefits and challenges on new health applications. Another issue which was not related to eHealth was also presented which presented the benefits of mental strength for individuals. Analysis of this article lead to identification of many developments in health care technology as well as limitations present in such technology. The major advantage of this technology was related to increased health satisfaction among patients, better therapeutic relationship between health care staff, better integration of service and making health information readily available to all patients. Hence, it can be concluded that despite immense benefits of health care technology, IT governance have a role in address the gap in system by improving strict implementation procedures to make the change successful according the goals of the organization. Recommendations The approaches to reducing the gap found in health care technology are as follows: Comparing other relevant health technology or determining the effectiveness of technology by evaluating their outcome in other relevant health care organization. It will help in determining the usefulness of technology for target population. Taking coordinated consensus on making all health care staff aware about the effective integration of new technology and lead to consistency in decision making. It will help in minimizing errors within the system (Berger et al., 2014). eHealth research should be more contextual in order to translate them into policy and it should be based on responsive design. Specific assessment model may also help in determining the health benefits of health care technology (Glasgow et al., 2014). It is also necessary to choose health care technology according to clinical needs and develop right infrastructure for introducing the health care technology. It will help in supporting consumer engagement with the eHealth (Cresswell et al., 2013). The IT governance should have a role in the careful planning and evaluation o f progress in eHealth technology (Ricciardi et al., 2013). It will be necessary to evaluate the factors that affect the implementation process such as patient factor, organization factors and innovation level factor. According to Chaudoir et al., (2013), there is lack of agreements regarding the benefits presented and identifiable measures of the construct. Hence, a multi-level framework is needed to cover all the predominant factors affecting the implementation process and determine the validity of eHealth technology. Reference 17th PACI Task Force Meeting Executive Summary. (2016).17th PACI Task Force Meeting Executive Summary. Retrieved 24 October 2016, from https://reports.weforum.org/global-information-technology-report-2013/ Berger, M. L., Martin, B. C., Husereau, D., Worley, K., Allen, J. D., Yang, W., ... Crown, W. (2014). A questionnaire to assess the relevance and credibility of observational studies to inform health care decision making: an ISPOR-AMCP-NPC good practice task force report.Value in health,17(2), 143-156. Black, A., Car, J., Pagliari, C., Anandan, C., Cresswell, K., Bokun, T. et al. (2011). The Impact of eHealth on the Quality and Safety of Health Care: A Systematic Overview.Plos Med,8(1), e1000387. https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1000387 Chaudoir, S. R., Dugan, A. G., Barr, C. H. (2013). Measuring factors affecting implementation of health innovations: a systematic review of structural, organizational, provider, patient, and innovation level measures.Implementation Science,8(1), 1. Cooper, A., Dowding, D., Barrett, D. (2015). The impact of new information and communication technologies on the development of advanced practice.Advanced nursing practice: changing healthcare in a changing world. London: Palgrave, 288-301. Cresswell, K., Sheikh, A. (2013). Organizational issues in the implementation and adoption of health information technology innovations: an interpretative review.International journal of medical informatics,82(5), e73-e86. Cresswell, K., Bates, D., Sheikh, A. (2013). Ten key considerations for the successful implementation and adoption of large-scale health information technology.Journal Of The American Medical Informatics Association,20(e1), e9-e13. https://dx.doi.org/10.1136/amiajnl-2013-001684 Coustasse, A., Shaffer, J., Conley, D., Coliflower, J., Deslich, S., Sikula, A. (2013). Computer Physician Order Entry (CPOE): benefits and concerns-a status report.Journal of Information Technology Research (JITR),6(3), 16-31. Effective IT Governance Needed for Successful Clinical Informatics Implementations. (2012).HIMSS. Retrieved 24 October 2016, from https://www.himss.org/news/effective-it-governance-needed-successful-clinical-informatics-implementations eHealth. (2016).World Health Organization. Retrieved 24 October 2016, from https://www.who.int/ehealth/en/ Getting the most from health apps. (2016).YouTube. Retrieved 24 October 2016, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JtWtkdTfJmw Glasgow, R. E., Phillips, S. M., Sanchez, M. A. (2014). Implementation science approaches for integrating eHealth research into practice and policy.International journal of medical informatics,83(7), e1-e11. Joel Selanikio: The surprising seeds of a big-data revolution in healthcare. (2016).YouTube. Retrieved 26 October 2016, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mb8x6vLcggc Meier, C. A., Fitzgerald, M. C., Smith, J. M. (2013). eHealth: extending, enhancing, and evolving health care.Annual review of biomedical engineering,15, 359-382. Menachemi, N. Collum,. (2011). Benefits and drawbacks of electronic health record systems.RMHP, 47. https://dx.doi.org/10.2147/rmhp.s12985 Mukherjee, D., Menon, G. (2013). 11 Technology and Its Role in Good Governance.Governance, Development, and Social Work,36, 201. Ricciardi, L., Mostashari, F., Murphy, J., Daniel, J. G., Siminerio, E. P. (2013). A national action plan to support consumer engagement via e-health.Health Affairs,32(2), 376-384. The future is now. (2016).The future is now. Retrieved 24 October 2016, from https://www.kingsfund.org.uk/reports/thefutureisnow/